Cosmic ray muons possess strong penetrating power and do not pose ionizing radiation hazards, making them an ideal probe for detecting special materials and large structures. Muon imaging includes both transmission and scattering imaging. In recent years, a new method called muon metrology has been developed, focusing on fine spatial resolution and large-area detectors.
In this work, we have designed and constructed a series of muon imaging facilities. These facilities include Micromegas detectors based on the thermal bonding technique and scalable readout systems. Thanks to the thermal bonding method, Micromegas detectors can be fabricated in sizes of 40 cm×40 cm40 and 60cm×60cm with spatial resolutions in the range of hundreds of micrometers. Additionally, a channel-encoded multiplexing method has been developed to reduce the number of electronic channels by an order of magnitude.
Using these muon imaging facilities, we have successfully conducted imaging experiments in both muon scattering imaging and transmission imaging. In our muon scattering imaging experiments, we were able to accurately reconstruct tungsten and lead structures with 2-cm resolution. For transmission imaging, we applied our facilities to image a subway tunnel, a mountain at Hefei City, and a blast furnace at Anyang City. These experiments demonstrated the high spatial resolution and effectiveness of our detectors.

 

Micromegas,Muon image,readout electronics